Aaron Hall, "the Lion Hunter of the Juniata" and founder of the legendary strain of Pennsylvania panther dogs.
I came across an account of an unusual breed of hunting dog that was developed in Centre County, Pennsylvania. This account comes from Extinct Animals of Pennsylvania by Henry Wharton Shoemaker. The text was originally published in 1907, but the actual account comes from period between 1845 and 1869 in which a legendary cougar hunter named Aaron Hall was said to have killed fifty “panthers.”
Hall’s legendary status had left him with the sobriquet “Lion Hunter of the Juniata.” He had styled himself as the central Pennsylvania version of Davy Crockett.
And like any great hunter of those days, he had a pack of hunting dogs that helped him pursue his quarry.
Unlike any other hunter of that day, though, he had bred a rather unusual strain of cougar hound.
His massive dogs were run in pairs that then pursued the cougar until they could catch it by the ears– one dog on each ear, very similar to how hog catch dogs are used. It is also very similar to the way that the borzoi caught wolves. The borzoi would grab the wolf by the sides of the neck, usually two dogs on either side.
The dogs were said to be the result of breeding old-type bulldogs, mastiffs, Newfoundlands, and bloodhounds together to produce a superior cougar hound. They dogs were said to have been so large that a former Pennsylvania game commissioner was able to ride one of them.
I have some issues with the veracity of these claims, but it is known that the mastiff-type dogs can be used to hunt large cats. Fila Brasileiros were used to hunt jaguars and South American cougars, and the Dogos Argentinos were also used to hunt cougars in their native country. Newfoundland dogs were very common in America at the time and were considered an appropriate dog to use for hunting various species of game, although waterfowling was their most common purpose. Bulldogs were probably chosen for their tenacity and ability to grip recalcitrant and powerful quarry, and bloodhounds have legendary noses. The mixture makes sense.
However, the story about the dogs grabbing the cats by the ears is a bit too far fetched for me to accept. A cougar is a very strong and agile animal. If cornered by dogs, it is going to fight very hard. Because its ears aren’t that large, my guess is that the dogs would have a very hard time holding the cats by the ears. They would simply be clawed to pieces, even if they did manage to get them by the ears.
Keep in mind that a cougar can kill a lone wolf, and it wouldn’t have very much trouble killing a domestic dog of any size. (There is a very good account of a cougar killing at captive wolf in Jim and Jamie Dutcher’s Wolves at Our Door.) Most modern cougar hounds tree the cats or hold them at bay. Very few of them engage in mortal combat with the cats. I seriously doubt that any dog would be able to fight a cougar until it was able to grab it by the ears.
Unless Hall or Sober were very small men, I seriously doubt that he could ride any dogs resulting from his crossbreeding. The biggest mastiffs have exceeded two hundred pounds, but if you’re crossing in smaller bulldogs, bloodhounds, and the slightly smaller Newfoundland of the day, it is very unlikely that anyone would be able to produce animals of that size.
Shoemaker wrote a lot about the folk culture of rural Pennsylvania, and theis story sounds a lot like mountain person’s tall tale. Mountain culture in Pennsylvania isn’t that different from mountain culture here, and I can tell you that telling stories like this one are almost de rigueur, especially when someone starts talking about his hunting dogs. Maybe Shoemaker was playing around with this lore, or maybe someone was playing a trick on him. After all, he was an outsider, a graduate of Columbia and a native New Yorker who had grown up in India. Such outsiders are very often told tall stories, for nothing can make a rural person with limited educational and economic opportunities feel better than when he or she gets some outsider to believe some outlandish story.
He does mention that many people of this region were keeping cougar dogs, but most of the dogs used to hunt cougars were “fices” or “whippets.”
One of the great ironies about cougars is that they were known for having a great deal of fear of dogs. Although they were capable of killing a dog easily, they normally would run if pursued by a pack of them.
Normally, these pursuits end with the cougar a tree and dogs barking at them. My guess is that if a cougar had found itself being chased by Hall’s cougar dogs, it would have run for the nearest tree before the dogs could even get close to it. This would have meant that it would have been next to impossible for the dogs to grab them by the ears. (Unless those horse-sized curs could also climb trees.)
I particularly like the story about the Pennsylvania panther dogs, but I am very skeptical that this story is real. Maybe Hall really did have big cougar hounds, but they didn’t hunt in exactly in the way described. Maybe they held the cats at a bay or pushed them into the trees. Some of them were probably much larger than the typical hunting dog of the region, and thus, they were given such an outlandish size.
Hall’s strain of panther dog went extinct shortly after his death in 1892. We can never really know for sure, but I think the chances of these dogs hunting in the way described are not very good. I can’t imagine that a cougar would allow itself to be held by the ears in such a fashion.
Yeah, I’d take such tales with a grain of salt. Not that it is impossible that this NEVER happened(large mastiffy dogs grabbing a cougar by its ears), but it certainly was not likely a regular occurence! If only because in the East, there were plenty of trees for the cougar to climb! Cougars(Panthers/Painters/Pumas/Mountain Lions/Catamounts) are incredibly agile, and like most cats, fight very effectively with their hind feet–I’d see any dog that did this likely to get disembowled purty quick! Cougars DO tend to be very shy of barking dogs(whatever size), and can be held at bay or treed by the smallest of mongrels. Exceptions to this are suburban areas where cougars have learned pet dogs are easy prey, like around Boulder, Colorado. Barking dogs actually ATTRACT dogs in those circumstances! I wouldn’t be suprised if some large, mastiffy-type was utilized for awhile, but the fact that they died out probably indicates they were not as effective as smaller, faster dogs(curs and hounds) that became(and still are) much more efficient, practical big cat dogs. What I have encountered reading about hunting large, dangerous game, is that really large dogs do not live long in encounters with large cats, bears, or wild swine. The old South African standard for the Rhodesian Ridgeback(used to hold African lions at bay) indicated dogs should NOT be over 75lbs., because dogs over this size could not dodge agilely or quickly enough to avoid getting killed–something both the KC and AKC ignored and began breeding Ridgebacks for show that were often quite massive and klunky, saying(incorrectly) that larger dogs would be more effective lion hunters–ignoring all the previous information from Africa. Since Ridgebacks have begun to participate more in lure coursing, and perhaps because of some change in politics, leaner, lighter, more functional dogs have been being shown(and are winning), so perhaps that foolish trend is over. REAL hunting hounds in this country(often imported by other countries for actual hunting, incidentally) are virtually never over 75lbs…..L.B.
It’s for that reason that I doubt that if the dogs even got the cougar by the ears, it wouldn’t stop the cougar from tearing the dog apart.
If I lived in cougar country, I wouldn’t leave a dog unattended, but what’s weird is that cougars will run if pursued by a dog. If they have the element of surprise, they will take a dog, but if a dog sees one and gives chase, it’s gone.
There is a famous saying that a toy poodle could put a cougar up a tree. It might be true.
These cats are very motor pattern specific in the predator hunting sequence. If something gets disrupted in that sequence, they may not be able to make a kill. That’s the only reason why I think dogs can pursue them so well.
Cheetahs, the cougar’s closest relative after the jaguarundi, are even more motor pattern dependent. Some wild caught cheetahs won’t even eat unless they given a chance to simulate running down prey, usually by having them chase a truck that then throws meat of the back.
The “motor pattern specific” comment you made brings to mind the game I play with one of the two cougars in my care as a Zookeeper, who loves to interact with people. We do not actually go in the enclosures with our cats(they would eat us if we did), but we can interact somewhat through the fence. This particular cougar LOVES to play “stalk-rush-and-suprise!” with anyone who cares to play with him. The game has VERY specific rules(established by this cougar)–the human(I pretend to be a very stupid deer, sound effects and all, which he loves) IS NOT ALLOWED to LOOK at the cougar–even if he is blatantly visible–you MUST look away and pretend you do not see him! If you DO inadvertently see him–he gets this disgusted look on his face and ends the stalk–but then immediately starts a new one when you look away again! Then, when he gets close enough and rushes the fence, you(the human) MUST feign great shock and suprise! After which this cougar will rub up against the fence purring to let you know it is all just a game! He will then often go right back into stalk mode! And will play this game over and over and over if you cooperate–can’t ever seem to get enough! The other cougar we have could care less!….L.B.
Are you at the NC Zoo at Asheboro?
I have been there a few times.
Sorry it took me so long to reply–I was away from computers for several days! Yes, I work at the N. C. Zoo; if you visit again, you’ll have to look me up–I’m usually in the “Cypress Swamp’ habitat!….L.B.